Potential Opportunities for Development of Mechanical Engineering with The Context of Historical Evolution of This Engineering Branch

Short Communication

Mechanical engineering is not only one of the oldest engineering disciplines but also the broadest one, i.e., with the wide-scope as well as a large number of its branches. This engineering discipline requires a clear understanding of the principles of engineering physics, engineering mathematics, and materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems such as mechanisms, devices, and machines.
With a view to machines’ development, the progress of mechanical engineering advancement is often directly related to the course of civilization history. Therefore, it can be studied from many perspectives. Our attention often directs to significant particular forms or stages of civilization, which arisen throughout human history. One cannot forget about ancient cultures, both Greco-Roman (in Europe) and Chinese (in Asia), which adopted to a great extent and, then, developed often anonymous technical achievements of the first civilizations of the prehistoric period [1].
The illustrious ancient achievements had been followed by the technical culture of Islam, which not only systematized them but also improved a bit afterward. In the late Middle Ages, these achievements spurred European societies to search for new mechanical devices and, thus, the foundations were laid for the subsequent Renaissance. During the Renaissance and also after it, there was an excellent development of creative and innovative engineering thinking enshrined in treaties on machines, especially in the anthology of Italian, French as well as German technical literature. The Industrial Revolution was the culmination of all previous technological advances and which manifested itself by the transition of production processes from old manual methods to new ones supported by machines.
Mechanical engineering may be treated as a precursor to many branches of engineering, including mechatronics that is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering and electronic engineering at least, to create controlled hybrid systems, thanks to which machines can be easily automated. Besides, the use of microprocessor-based digital embedded controllers, together with a wide selection of control software algorithms dedicated to these programmable microcontrollers, enables us to build specific pieces of automation equipment based on electric motors, servo-mechanisms, and other electrical systems. Mechatronic structures are the result of the evolution of mechanical objects, bearing in mind the development history of mechanical engineering. According to the conceptual block diagram shown in Fig. 1, the application of digital technologies in mechatronic systems has provided a very different approach to automatic control [2, 3]. Thanks to the use of modern digital computers, more and more often, in the case of advanced control methods, purely mathematic models of systems’ behavior and controllers’ algorithms are abandoned in favor of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with the help of which control systems can learn about their environment and properly modify their behavior in conjunction with control based on knowledge to ensure their optimal performance. For this to be possible, advanced control systems must have sufficient computational capacity to create not only representative mathematical models of the controlled systems but also to modify their own adaptive control actions [4].

 

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